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我国得民事诉讼证据轨制题目来凤县刑事辩护律师刑事证据

我国得民事诉讼证据轨制题目来凤县刑事辩护律师刑事证据

 

    
《我国得民事诉讼证据轨制题目》   张纽约(中南财经政法大学)  摘要  证据是正义得基础。

    人们常说"打官司就是打证据”,可见证据在当代诉讼中得重要地位。

    广义上得民事诉讼证据轨制是指划定证据,证据收集,审查判定证据及如何运用证据证实案件事实得法律规范得总称;狭义上则仅指民事诉讼证据轨制类型。

    人类历史上,证据轨制经历了从神示证据轨制到法定证据轨制,再到自由心证得证据轨制得发铺过程。

    神示证据轨制因其得不理性和野蛮性而被历史所淘汰,而法定证据轨制也因其得过分僵化和机械性而被自由心证得证据轨制所取代。

    自由心证原则经历了传统自由心证和现代自由心证两种形态。

    传统自由心证因为其得过分夸大法官自由裁量,不加任何形式得限制,而易导致司法得任意性。

    20世纪30年代后,针对传统自由心证得不足,各国开始对自由心证得证据轨制入行改造,引入证据规则,对法官司法裁量权予以必要得限制,以保障法官心证得客观性,实现司法公正,从而确立了现代自由心证得原则。

      长期以来,我国受原苏联及东欧社会主义国家哲学思惟,政治主张得影响,而实行"量力而行”得证据轨制。

    要求法官审查判定证据必需以"量力而行”为原则,以"客观真实”为尺度,夸大法官判案必需以案件得客观真实为依据,赋予法官极大得审查判定权。

    这种过分追求"客观真实”得诉讼证实要求,实际上是不符合我国得诉讼实际得,在本质上也是违反马克思主义哲学熟悉论得熟悉规律得。

      为建立符合我国诉讼实际得中国特色得证据轨制,首先我们应该改变原来得诉讼理念,明确法官调查取证得案件事实是发生在过往得事实,它是不可能完整地重现于法庭之上得。

    而法官对案件事实得审查判定通常都是通过自身得经验和推理而作出得,在实践中也是很难做到100%查明案件事实得程度得。

    所以我们应从追求"客观真实”得证实要求,转向追求"法律真实”得证实要求,改变原来得1元化证实尺度,确立"高度盖然性”得民事诉讼证实尺度,并以"客观真实”作为我们诉讼得最终目标。

    其次要改变旧得法官审查判定证据得原则和尺度,确立具有中国特色得"法官依法独立审查判定证据”得原则和"法律真实”得尺度,承认法官心证得公道性和正当性,保障法官心证自由。

      在新1轮得司法改革中,改革和完善民事诉讼证据轨制已成为制约我国司法改革能否成功得枢纽。

    对于民事诉讼证据轨制中存在得题目,我们应深进地研究,提出各种切实可行得解决办法。

    好比倡导制定1部同1得证据法典,完善我国证据规则;提倡法官心证得自由与客观,保持法官中立,实现司法公正。

      枢纽词  证据轨制 自由心证 "量力而行”得证据轨制 法律真实 法官心证 高度盖然性   ABSTRACT  Evidence is the basic of justice. People often say, "Going to court is to make evidence ", and it is obvious that the important status of evidence in the contemporary lawsuit. Civil action evidence system of broad sense means the legal norm of stipulating evidence, evidence collecting, evidence checking and judging and how to use evidence to prove the case fact; and the narrow sense only means the evidence system type of civil action. In the history of mankind, the evidence system has been gone through from evidence system of prophesy to system of legal evidence, and then reaches the evidence system of judicial discretion. The evidence system of prophesy is eliminated by history, because it is not rational and barbarous. And the system of legal evidence is replaced by the evidence system of judicial discretion, because it is too rigid and machinery. Judicial discretion has gone through two kinds of shapes of the traditional judicial discretion and modern judicial discretion. Traditional judicial discretion because of their excessive to put emphasis on judge's cutting out amount freely, and without any restriction, and it apt to cause administration of justice wanton. After 1930s, because of the weak point of the traditional judicial discretion, various countries began to carry on the transformation to the traditional judicial discretion, introduce the evidence rule, give the essential restriction to the right of cutting out amount of judge's administration of justice, in order to ensure the objectivity of judge's heart card, realizes the justice, thus established the principle of the modern judicial discretion.

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